International graduates in British Columbia have exciting new opportunities as they explore fresh pathways to permanent residency in 2025.
With changes to the BC Provincial Nominee Program, many are discovering alternative routes that align closely with Canada’s evolving immigration landscape.
What are the Impacts of the Closure of BC PNP Graduate Streams?
The BC Provincial Nominee Program BC PNP’s graduate streams are currently closed, and new streams are suspended indefinitely.
The federal government has cut BCs provincial nomination quota from 8,000 in 2024 to 4,000 in 2025. As a result, BC closed its International Graduate stream in November 2024 and the International Post-Graduate stream (IPG) in January 2025.
Although three new graduate streams (Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctorate) were planned to replace the old ones in early 2025, their launch was indefinitely suspended in April 2025 until nomination levels are restored.
BC started 2025 with a backlog of 5,200 applications and prioritized nominations for healthcare workers, entrepreneurs, and high-impact skilled workers, limiting new applications to about 1,100.
All these changes reflect the shift to align immigration with labour market needs, reducing opportunities for international graduates via BC PNP.
What’s Next for International Graduates in British Columbia?
Despite the BC PNP graduate streams closure, international graduates in BC can consider the following alternative pathways:
Canadian Experience Class (CEC) – Express Entry
Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs)
Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP)
BC PNP Health Authority Stream
Rural Community Immigration Pilot (RCIP)
Francophone Community Immigration Pilot (FCIP)
1. Canadian Experience Class (CEC) – Express Entry
The Canadian Experience Class (CEC) is a popular immigration program under the Express Entry system. It is for international graduates and skilled workers who have gained Canadian work experience.
Who Can Apply?
Individuals with at least 1 year of work experience in Canada within the last 3 years are eligible to apply for CEC.
Eligible occupations fall under NOC TEER categories 0, 1, 2, or 3.
CLB 7 (Canadian Language Benchmark) required for TEER 0 or 1 jobs
CLB 5 required for TEER 2 or 3 jobs
All applicants must plan to live outside Quebec.
How to Apply?
Create Express Entry Profile
Once you have at least 1 year of skilled work experience in Canada, you can create an Express Entry profile. Log in to the IRCC account. Add details about your education, age, work experience, and language test results in this profile.
Find the CRS score
You can calculate your Comprehensive Ranking System score based on your profile. The competitive scores in 2025 range between 521 and 542. The more your CRS scores, the more competitive you become for the next Express entry draw.
Receive Invitation to Apply (ITA)
Candidates with strong CRS scores have a higher chance of being selected in Express Entry draws. Those selected receive an Invitation to Apply (ITA) for permanent residency.
Submit Complete PR Application
Once you receive an ITA, you must submit supporting documents like police certificates, medical exams, and proof of funds. Ensure there is no delay and submit your complete application within 60 days.
If you have a Lower CRS score, you may opt for Category-Based Draws.
These draws include:
French Language Proficiency: CLB 7 in all four language abilities.
In-Demand Occupations: At least 6 months of work experience in sectors like agriculture, education, healthcare, STEM, or trades within the last 3 years may qualify for special draws.
Processing Times
Express Entry applications are typically processed within approximately 6 months after submitting the PR application.
Things to Remember
Improve your Language test scores.
Gain additional Canadian work experience.
Update your Express entry profiles for any additional information.
Keep following the Express entry draw results and check the CRS cut-off scores for each draw.
Find all relevant details on the official IRCC website.
For international graduates in British Columbia facing limited options, other provinces offer Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) explicitly designed to welcome skilled graduates.
These programs provide tailored pathways that recognize your education, work experience, and commitment to building a prosperous future in Canada.
Let us explore some of the popular Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) for international graduates in Canada.
Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program (OINP):
International Student Stream: A valid job offer in a skilled occupation (NOC TEER 0, 1, 2, or 3) and graduation from any of the Ontario DLI.
Master’s and PhD Graduate Streams: Must have graduated from an eligible Ontario institution and meet residency requirements. A job offer may not be required.
Alberta Advantage Immigration Program (AAIP):
Alberta Opportunity Stream: This is for international graduates with Canadian work experience and a job offer in Alberta.
Saskatchewan Immigrant Nominee Program (SINP):
International Graduate Entrepreneur Category: This category is for graduates who intend to start a business in Saskatchewan.
Manitoba Provincial Nominee Program (MPNP):
Career Employment Pathway: This is for graduates with job offers from designated employers in Manitoba.
Who can apply?
International graduates or skilled workers with ties to the province (education, work, or family)
Graduation from a Designated Learning Institution (DLI) in the province
Valid job offer in a skilled occupation (varies by stream)
Required language proficiency (usually CLB 4–7)
Intent to live and work in the province permanently
Meet age and admissibility requirements (varies by province)
How to Apply?
Research Eligible Streams: Visit provincial immigration websites to identify streams suitable for your profile.
Secure a Job Offer: Many streams require a full-time, permanent job offer in the province.
Submit Expression of Interest (EOI): For provinces with EOI systems, create a profile and wait for an invitation to apply.
Apply for Provincial Nomination: Submit your application with all relevant and supporting documents, such as job offers, language test results, and proof of ties to the province.
Apply for Federal PR: After nomination, apply to IRCC for permanent residency.
Processing Times
Provincial nomination processing typically takes 3 to 6 months.
Federal PR application processing after nomination can take 6 to 18 months, depending on the program and applicant’s profile.
Things to Remember
Living, working, or renting in your target province will build strong provincial ties, thereby strengthening your application.
Be aware of language, work experience, and other requirements, as they vary by province/territory.
Provincial programs change frequently; regularly check official websites for the latest information.
The Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP) is a popular pathway to permanent residency to attract skilled workers and international graduates to Atlantic provinces.
The four Atlantic provinces of Canada are:
New Brunswick
Newfoundland and Labrador
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
Who Can Apply?
Skilled workers with at least 1 year of full-time work experience in a relevant occupation (NOC TEER 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) within the last 10 years.
Recent graduates from recognized post-secondary institutions in any of the four Atlantic provinces.
Applicants can live in Canada as temporary residents or abroad.
Must have a valid job offer from a designated employer in Atlantic Canada.
How to Apply?
Obtain a full-time job offer from a designated Atlantic Canada employer.
Develop a Settlement plan to create a personalized plan for adapting to life in Atlantic Canada.
Your employer must submit your endorsement application with the settlement plan to the province.
Once approved, you will get an endorsement certificate for your PR application.
Apply to IRCC with your endorsement certificate and supporting documents.
If eligible, you may apply for a temporary work permit to start working while your PR application is processed.
Processing Times
The average processing time for AIP permanent residency applications is approximately 10 to 11 months as of early 2025.
Processing times can vary based on application volume and completeness.
Things to Remember
A valid job offer from a designated employer in Atlantic Canada is mandatory.
The settlement plan is a key application part and helps ensure a smooth transition.
When applying, you can live in Canada or abroad, but you must plan to settle in an Atlantic province.
Keep all documents updated, including educational credentials and language test results.
The BC PNP Health Authority Stream is an immigration pathway for healthcare professionals with job offers from BC’s public health authorities.
It provides a fast-tracked route to permanent residency and helps address critical staffing needs in the province’s healthcare system.
Who Can Apply?
Healthcare professionals with a full-time, indeterminate job offer from a BC public health authority.
A minimum of 2 years of work experience in the offered occupation is generally required.
Eligible employers include the Provincial Health Services Authority, Fraser Health, Island Health, Northern Health, Vancouver Coastal Health, First Nations Health Authority, Interior Health, and Providence Health Care.
Occupations must be directly involved in healthcare services (e.g., nurses, physicians, therapists, social workers).
Physicians, nurse practitioners, and midwives not directly employed by a health authority may apply if supported by a health authority or midwife practice group with proper documentation.
No Express Entry profile is needed, but candidates with one can apply via Express Entry for faster processing.
How to Apply?
Apply directly through the BC PNP Online system by uploading required documents. No registration needed
Upload your job offer and any required recommendation/support letters from the health authority or midwife practice group.
Pay the application fee before submitting.
If approved, you will receive a provincial nomination certificate.
Apply for permanent residency with IRCC via Express Entry or the regular process.
Processing Times
Processing times vary, but Express Entry-linked applications are generally processed within 6 months after nomination.
Non-Express Entry applications may take longer, depending on IRCC processing times.
Things to Remember
Only healthcare occupations directly involved in patient care or healthcare services are eligible since April 14, 2025.
Job offers must be from a designated BC public health authority.
Applications must be complete and submitted within 30 days of the invitation (if applicable).
Visit the official BC PNP website to receive updated information.
5. Rural Community Immigration Pilot (RCIP)
The Rural Community Immigration Pilot (RCIP) is an immigration program that helps skilled workers settle in smaller Canadian communities. It is the pathway for PR and targets skilled workers to support the growth of rural areas.
The RCIP includes 14 participating communities across Canada, each working with employers and IRCC to address local labour needs.
Who Can Apply?
Skilled workers with a valid job offer from a designated employer in a participating rural community.
Must have at least 1 year (1,560 hours) of related work experience in the past 3 years or be a recent graduate from a post-secondary program of two years or longer in the community.
Meet language requirements based on the job’s NOC skill level.
Have Canadian or equivalent foreign educational credentials.
Show proof of funds to support the settlement.
Demonstrate intent to live in the community that offers the job.
How to Apply?
Get a full-time job offer from a designated employer in an RCIP community.
Employer must send your recommendation application to the local economic development organization.
Then you will receive the Community Recommendation.
Apply for PR through the IRCC portal with the community recommendation and required documents.
If eligible, you can apply for a two-year employer-specific work permit while your PR application is processed.
Processing Times
Community recommendation decisions are made monthly, typically within a few weeks after application submission.
Permanent residency application processing times vary but may take 12 to 18 months.
Things to Remember
Job offers must be from a designated employer in a participating community.
Community recommendation is mandatory before applying for PR.
Work experience must match the job offer’s NOC and be genuine.
Proof of funds is required to support yourself and your family.
You must intend to live in the community that recommends you.
Keep all forms complete and signed when submitting your application.
The Francophone Community Immigration Pilot (FCIP) program attracts French-speaking skilled workers and international graduates to settle in Francophone minority communities outside Quebec.
It offers a streamlined path to Canadian PR while supporting the growth of these communities.
Who can apply?
Francophone skilled workers with a valid job offer from a designated employer in a participating community.
Skilled workers need at least 1 year of related work experience in the last 3 years.
International graduates from eligible institutions in participating communities (no job offer required).
Minimum French language proficiency of CLB/NCLC 5.
Must have Canadian or equivalent foreign education credentials.
Must show proof of settlement funds.
Must intend to live in the participating Francophone community.
How to Apply?
Get a Job Offer from a designated employer in a participating community.
Apply for a recommendation through the local economic development organization representing the community.
Once recommended, apply to IRCC for permanent residence with the required documents.
Eligible International graduates can apply directly with proof of education and language skills.
Eligible applicants may apply for a work permit while processing the PR application.
Processing Times
Community recommendation decisions are generally made within weeks of application.
Permanent residency applications typically take 12 to 18 months to process.
Things to Remember
The pilot focuses on Francophone minority communities outside Quebec.
Only designated employers in participating communities can offer eligible jobs.
Language proficiency in French (CLB 5) is mandatory for all applicants.
Applicants must intend to live and work in the community that recommends them.
How to Find out the Best PR Pathway?
Choose the pathway that best matches your profile, goals, and timeline. Conduct a deep search and consider the following factors:
Choose a location based on where you want to live- BC streams for BC, Atlantic or rural pilots for other regions.
Healthcare professionals may qualify directly through BC’s Health Authority Stream, while STEM or trades workers might fit the Express Entry categories.
French speakers can benefit from the Francophone Community Immigration Pilot (FCIP) or Express Entry’s French language category.
Consider working with a Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant (RCIC) for complex cases.
Tips for a Successful PR Application
Apply for a PGWP immediately after graduation to gain Canadian work experience.
Improve language test scores to increase your CRS score or PNP eligibility.
Network strategically with employers in healthcare, rural, or Atlantic communities.
Maintain a valid temporary status (study permit, PGWP) to avoid application complications.
Stay updated on immigration policy changes via IRCC and provincial websites.
ImmiLaw Immigration offers expert immigration lawyer assistance to help you choose the best immigration pathway tailored to your needs, ensuring a smooth and successful application process.
For more details and a free consultation, you may contact us directly.
Applying for Canada spousal sponsorship is a major step for couples aiming to build a life together in Canada. This process allows Canadian citizens or permanent residents to sponsor their spouse or partner for permanent residency. While the application might seem straightforward at first glance, many applicants fall into avoidable traps that lead to delays or outright refusals. Understanding the common mistakes can make a significant difference in ensuring a smooth and successful application process.
1. Incomplete or Incorrect Application Forms
One of the most common and avoidable mistakes in the spousal sponsorship process involves incomplete or inadequately completed forms. According to IRCC (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada), all forms must be correctly filled in and signed. An unchecked box or a missing signature can lead to rejection of the entire application package. While an old version of a form can also block this. It is imperative to ensure downloading the latest versions of the forms, which are provided on the IRCC website, and carefully check each one of them before sending.
2. Lack of Supporting Documents
Supporting documents serve as proof of your relationship and eligibility. A weak or insufficient document package is a major reason for delays or rejections. For instance, failing to include identity documents, marriage certificates, photographs, joint financial records, or communication logs can raise doubts about the genuineness of your relationship. The documentation requirements for each type of spousal sponsorship (inland or outland) differ. Applicants must read the document checklist offered by IRCC and send all supporting items as indicated.
3. Submitting Untranslated Documents
IRCC requires all documents in languages other than English or French to be accompanied by a certified translation. Submitting original documents without a proper translation can render them invalid in the eyes of immigration officers. Ensure that all the documents in foreign languages are translated and accompanied by the translator’s affidavit and credentials.
4. Inadequate Proof of Relationship
One of the main reasons Canada spousal sponsorship applications are scrutinized is the potential for marriage fraud. Thus, IRCC seeks credible evidence that the relationship is real and ongoing. Couples often underestimate the importance of detailed evidence. Submitting only a marriage certificate is not enough; applicants should include photos together across different timelines, messages exchanged, travel itineraries, joint bank accounts, leases, and testimonies from friends or family. The goal is to build a timeline and pattern of a committed relationship.
5. Misrepresentation or False Information
There are some serious consequences to providing false or misleading information, whether intended or not. This would entail leaving out previous relationships, exaggerating living arrangements, or presenting fake documents. IRCC thoroughly checks every application, and any inconsistencies can lead to a five-year ban from submitting another sponsorship application. It’s better to explain rather than hide, in case you have kept something hidden in your past.
6. Not Meeting Eligibility Requirements
Some eligibility requirements must be met by the sponsor and the applicant as well. In order to be a sponsor, a person must be 18 years or older, a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident, not in prison, or bankrupt. If the sponsor had sponsored someone else before, they might be exposed to a three-year sponsorship bar. Likewise, the applicant should not fall into the inadmissible category because of crime, medical or misrepresentation. Most applications are declined owing to the fact that the criteria didn’t get thorough analysis prior to submitting an application.
7. Applying Under the Wrong Category
There are two main streams for Canada spousal sponsorship: inland and outland. Inland sponsorship is for couples already living together in Canada, allowing the spouse to apply for an open work permit while waiting for a decision. Outland sponsorship is typically for couples living apart. Choosing the wrong stream can impact processing times or legal status. Understanding which stream best applies to your situation can help avoid unnecessary complications.
8. Failure to Update IRCC on Changes
Life circumstances can change during the processing of your application—addresses, phone numbers, jobs, or even relationship status. Failure to update IRCC about these changes can cause communication issues or suspicion about the genuineness of the relationship. Always inform IRCC promptly if there are changes to your application or your personal circumstances.
9. Poorly Written Relationship Timeline or Letters
Applicants are often asked to provide a relationship timeline or letters describing the nature of their relationship. Vague, contradictory, or overly generic descriptions can hurt your case. It’s vital to be specific and include dates, places, and milestones. Use honest, heartfelt language to show the emotional depth of your relationship. Letters of support from family and friends can also add credibility if they are detailed and personalized.
10. Ignoring Processing Times and Deadlines
Each sponsorship application takes time to process, and timelines vary depending on the country and application type. Some applicants become impatient and submit inquiries too frequently or even apply more than once, thinking it will speed up the process. Others miss crucial deadlines for additional information requests, which can lead to delays or refusals. Patience and careful tracking of deadlines are crucial.
11. Not Seeking Professional Help When Needed
The Canada spousal sponsorship process can be overwhelming, especially when legal or personal complexities are involved. Some people avoid hiring immigration consultants or lawyers to save costs but end up making avoidable errors. A Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant (RCIC) or lawyer can offer guidance on documentation, eligibility, and strategy. For more complex situations, such as previous sponsorships, criminal inadmissibility, or long-distance relationships, professional assistance is highly recommended.
12. Relying on Outdated or Unofficial Information
Immigration policies and forms change frequently. Many applicants rely on online forums or advice from friends and family who went through the process years ago. This can lead to reliance on outdated or incorrect information. Always refer to the official IRCC website or consult with a professional to ensure your information is up to date.
The key to a successful Canada spousal sponsorship application lies in careful preparation, thorough documentation, and complete honesty. Understanding the common pitfalls allows applicants to avoid costly delays or devastating refusals. At ImmiLaw Immigration, our experienced team specializes in guiding couples through the sponsorship process with clarity and confidence. We provide tailored support to ensure every detail is handled correctly. With so much at stake, especially when the family is involved, taking the time to get it right the first time is worth every effort.
The Canada Super Visa is a fantastic way for families to stay connected.
If you’re a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, this visa allows your parents or grandparents to visit you and create cherished memories together.
The Canada Super Visa is a long-term, multiple-entry visa for parents and grandparents of Canadian citizens or permanent residents.
It allows extended visits of up to five years per entry, with the option to extend for an additional two years. Unlike other programs, the Super Visa is available year-round, making it easier for families to reunite without waiting for a lottery system.
Whether for special occasions, family bonding, or simply enjoying each other’s company, the Super Visa offers a simple and reliable way to bring loved ones closer.
Since 2020, the Parents and Grandparents Program (PGP) has been closed to new applicants, leaving many families longing for a way to reunite permanently in Canada.
With limited spots and a lottery-based system, the program has become increasingly difficult to access, making alternatives like the Super Visa open the door to a more connected family life in Canada.
Let us delve deep into the differences between the two kinds of visas.
Key Differences Between Super Visa and PGP
When considering options for family reunification in Canada, it’s essential to understand the key differences between the Super Visa and the Parents and Grandparents Program (PGP).
While both programs aim to bring families together, they serve distinct purposes.
Feature
Super Visa
Parents and Grandparents Program (PGP)
Availability
Year-round applications
Annual lottery system
Processing Time
6 months or less
33-48 months
Maximum Length of Stay
Up to 5 years, extendable by 2 years
Unlimited
Invitation Required?
No invitation needed
Invitation required after interest submission
Status Granted
Visitor status
Permanent residency
Financial Requirements
Based on most recent tax year
Based on the last three tax years
Medical Insurance
Mandatory
Not required
How to Become Eligible for a Canada Super Visa?
To reunite with the families, both the sponsor (host) and the sponsee (applicant) must meet specific eligibility criteria to qualify for this visa.
If you want to sponsor your parents or grandparents for a Super Visa, you must meet the following requirements:
Hold Canadian citizenship, permanent residency, or registered Indian status.
Be physically present in Canada during the application process and when your relatives arrive.
Be at least 18 years of age at the time of application.
Demonstrate an annual income that meets or exceeds the minimum required amount based on the size of your family.
Provide a signed letter promising financial support for their relative’s stay in Canada.
How to Calculate Your Family Size?
When calculating family size, you must include:
You and your spouse or common-law partner
Dependent children of both you and your partner
The parent(s) or grandparent(s) being sponsored and their spouse (if applicable).
Any previously approved Super Visa applicants you or your co-signer have sponsored whose stay in Canada has not yet concluded.
You or your co-signer have sponsored individuals in the past, provided that the duration of the undertaking is still active.
What are the Minimum Income Requirements for Sponsoring?
The sponsor must ensure that their annual income aligns with the low-income cut-off (LICO) threshold, which is determined by their family size. If needed, the sponsor’s spouse or common-law partner can sign the application, providing additional support to meet these financial requirements.
About Low-Income Cut-Off (LICO)
The Low-Income Cut-Off (LICO) is a benchmark used in Canada to determine the minimum income a family needs to cover basic expenses like food, shelter, and clothing without financial strain.
LICO varies based on family size and location, recognizing that living costs differ between urban and rural areas.
Updated annually to account for inflation, LICO ensures fairness in programs like immigration sponsorships, helping families demonstrate they can financially support their loved ones while meeting Canadian standards.
The table below outlines the minimum annual income required based on family size.
Family Size
Required Annual Income (CAD)
1 person
CAD 29,380
2 person
CAD 36,576
3 person
CAD 44,966
4 person
CAD 54,594
5 person
CAD 61,920
6 person
CAD 69,834
7 person
CAD 77,750
For families larger than seven members, an additional CAD 7,916 is required for each extra individual.
What are the Eligibility Requirements for Sponsees?
When applying for the Canada Super Visa, it’s important to know who can be included in your application.
The eligible individuals are primarily parents, grandparents, and their spouses or common-law partners. However, it’s essential to note that dependents cannot be part of this application.
Here are the key eligibility requirements that sponsees must meet:
All individuals listed in the application must be admissible to Canada, meaning they should not have any legal reasons preventing their entry.
Each sponsee must obtain health insurance that meets specific criteria for the entire duration of their stay.
The health insurance policy must be
Valid for at least one year starting from the date of entry.
Offer a minimum coverage of CAD 100,000.
Payment can be made either as a whole or through installments.
Coverage must include healthcare services, hospitalization, and repatriation.
Issued by a Canadian insurance company or a foreign insurer that complies with the standards set by IRCC.
All sponsored individuals must undergo an immigration medical exam.
After submitting their application, they will receive instructions on scheduling their appointment and the required examination type.
IRCC requires proof that your relative intends to leave Canada at the end of their stay. Sponsees can demonstrate this through factors such as ties to their home country and the purpose of their visit.
How Can Sponsees Apply for the Super Visa?
Parents or grandparents applying for the Super Visa must submit their application from outside Canada.
Documents Required
Sponsees must include the following documents in their application:
A letter of invitation from you, confirming financial support and detailing family size
Proof of your income
Evidence of a valid health insurance policy
Documentation of your status as a Canadian citizen, permanent resident, or registered Indian
Provide evidence of the relationship between you and the sponsee
The application must be submitted through the IRCC Portal, along with payment of all applicable fees. It is essential to follow IRCC guidelines carefully to avoid delays or rejection.
Biometric and Medical Requirements
If biometrics are required, sponsees should promptly book an appointment at the nearest collection site.
IRCC will also provide instructions for completing a medical exam, which must be included in the application once completed.
Ensure all requirements are met and documents are properly prepared before submitting your application.
After submission, processing times may vary depending on the visa office handling the application.
If you have any concerns or questions, please don’t hesitate to contact us.
Our dedicated immigration lawyer is here to guide you every step of the way, ensuring your immigration journey is smooth and stress-free. We’re excited to help you achieve your goals!
Are you worried about your Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) expiring soon? You can still stay and work in Canada by applying for a Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) work permit.
A TFWP permit allows you to work for a specific employer willing to support your application. To get started, you need a job offer from an employer who can apply for a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA).
In this article, we will explore how to transition from a PGWP to a TFWP work permit. It covers what an LMIA is, current restrictions, how to approach employers, the steps for conducting an LMIA, exceptions to advertising requirements, the application process, timelines, and the Global Talent Stream for faster processing.
How to get a Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) Work Permit?
To secure a TFWP work permit, you must follow several essential steps.
Obtain a job offer from an employer in Canada.
Ensure your employer is prepared to apply for an LMIA.
Secure a positive or neutral LMIA from Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC)
Avoid working for companies or occupations ineligible for LMIA processing, as per federal restrictions.
Note: LMIAs are valid for six months, and you will need a new LMIA to renew your TFWP work permit.
About the Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA)
A Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) is a document issued by Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) to Canadian employers before they can hire foreign workers.
LMIA proves that hiring a foreign worker won’t negatively affect the Canadian job market because no local workers are available for the role. Employers must advertise the job and show recruitment efforts.
If ESDC determines that the effect is positive or neutral, it grants a positive LMIA, allowing the employer to proceed with hiring.
With a validity of six months, the LMIA must be renewed to extend a TFWP work permit. Changes in immigration policies have made the LMIA process stricter, posing challenges for employers and foreign workers. It’s crucial to understand these requirements and update yourself with evolving immigration policies.
What are the Current Restrictions on LMIA Processing in Canada?
IRCC has recently implemented significant changes to Canada’s immigration policies, particularly affecting the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP).
The federal government currently does not process LMIA applications in several specific situations, which include the following:
Low-wage positions in areas with an unemployment rate above 6%.
Jobs that exceed the cap on low-wage positions within a company
In-home caregiver roles that require live-in arrangements
Applications from employers who had an LMIA revoked in the past two years.
Certain low-wage positions in Montreal and Laval until November 3.
Companies flagged as ineligible by IRCC or those operating in the adult entertainment industry.
Approaching an Employer About LMIA Support
When discussing LMIA support with an employer, it’s essential to be clear and proactive. Here’s how you can approach the conversation:
During job interviews: Mention the remaining time on your Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) and ask if the company is open to supporting you with an LMIA.
If already employed: Have a direct conversation with your employer about their willingness to assist with an LMIA. Address any concerns they may have and offer to help with the application process or provide necessary information.
Plan ahead: Begin the LMIA process early, as it can take time to complete, and delays may affect your work permit application timeline.
As of January 2025, LMIA processing times vary depending on the stream, with the high-wage stream averaging 68 days and the low-wage stream averaging 76 days.
What are the Steps to Obtain an LMIA?
To secure a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA), employers in Canada must follow a structured process:
Determine the National Occupational Classification (NOC) code and wage rate for the position and select the appropriate LMIA stream.
Advertise the job position as required by the LMIA stream, typically for a minimum of 30 days.
Gather all necessary documents, including completed forms, proof of recruitment efforts, and business legitimacy documents such as tax records and licenses.
Create a Job Bank for Employers account to access LMIA Online, where the application can be filled out and submitted.
Pay the processing fee of CAD 1,000 and submit the application up to six months before the expected job start date.
Once submitted, ESDC evaluates the LMIA application, focusing on factors such as recruitment efforts, wage standards, and economic benefits. During the review process, employers may be asked for additional information or even required to attend a meeting. After completing the assessment, ESDC communicates its decision to the employer, indicating whether the application has been approved or denied.
When applying for an LMIA, employers are usually required to advertise the job to show that they’ve tried recruiting workers from Canada. However, there are certain situations under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) where this advertising requirement is either waived or modified depending on the nature of the position. These exceptions make it easier for employers to hire foreign workers in specific roles or industries.
Who Qualifies for LMIA Exemptions in Canada?
Workers covered by international agreements between Canada and other countries may be exempt from the LMIA requirement.
Employees transferred within multinational companies.
Foreign workers with reciprocal opportunities for Canadians abroad.
Entrepreneurs or self-employed business owners
Francophone workers hired outside Quebec.
Individuals are granted exemptions for humanitarian considerations.
You may also check here for variations to the advertising requirements.
How to Apply for a TFWP Work Permit
After receiving a positive or neutral LMIA and a job offer from the employer, the worker can begin the process of applying for a TFWP permit.
Here’s the steps involved:
Create an account with IRCC and log in to start the application.
Upload the documents as per the checklist, like the Job offer and LMIA, Proof of meeting job requirements, Language proficiency test results, Valid passport, and proof of funds.
Answer the questions and complete the application form.
Pay CAD 155 for work permit fees. If biometrics are required, pay the additional cost for fingerprints and photos.
How Long Does It Take to Transition from PGWP to TFWP Work Permit?
Moving from a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) to a Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) work permit involves several steps. Each step has its timeline.
Stage
Description
Estimated Timeline
1. Job Advertising
The employer must advertise the position to meet recruitment requirements.
30 days
2. LMIA Processing
The employer submits the LMIA application to ESDC, with varying processing times based on wage stream.
76 days for low-wage stream 68 days for high-wage stream
3. Work Permit Application
After receiving a positive LMIA, the foreign worker applies for a work permit with IRCC.
114 days
Total Processing Time
From job advertisement to work permit approval.
220 days for low-wage stream 212 days for high – wage stream
As shown in the table, the entire process can take approximately six to eight months. To avoid any gaps in employment, individuals should start this process eight to ten months before their PGWP expires. This proactive approach ensures that all necessary steps are completed promptly, allowing a smooth transition from PGWP to the TFWP permit.
Maintained Status for Work Permit Holders in Canada
Maintained status allows individuals to remain in Canada legally even after their current permit expires, as long as they have applied for an extension or a new permit before the expiration date.
They can continue to work or study under the same conditions as their previous permit until a decision is made on their new application.
Maintained status provides a safety net for individuals transitioning between permits, ensuring they can remain in Canada and continue working legally during the application process.
However, you will benefit from maintained status only if you remain in Canada.
Global Talent Stream: A part of TFWP
The Global Talent Stream (GTS) is part of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP). It helps employers in Canada quickly hire skilled foreign workers.
Employers in Canada can get LMIA approvals within 10 business days. If a company qualifies for the GTS, it can bypass the job advertising requirement, streamlining the hiring process.
There are two categories under the GTS:
For individuals hired by employers referred by designated referral partners who possess unique and specialized skills that can help the company grow.
Category B: For individuals hired for positions listed on the Global Talent Occupations List with employers who meet GTS requirements.
Although the GTS provides temporary work permits, it can lead to permanent residency opportunities through Canadian Experience Class or Provincial Nominee Programs after gaining Canadian work experience.
The Global Talent Stream helps Canadian companies fill critical skill shortages and supports foreign workers in establishing their careers in Canada.
By understanding the application process, timelines, and eligibility requirements, you can effectively navigate the transition from a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) to a Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) work permit.
It’s essential to act promptly and ensure that your employer is prepared to support your LMIA application. With careful planning and timely submissions, you can maintain your legal status in Canada and continue to build your professional journey without interruption.
Remember, seeking guidance from immigration professionals can also help clarify any uncertainties and enhance your chances of a successful application.
Contact us for a detailed consultation for a smooth transition as you continue your career in Canada.
Bridging Open Work Permits (BOWP) allows work permit holders to continue working in Canada while their PR application is being processed.
BOWP is an open work permit and is not tied to a specific employer or job. The holder will have the flexibility to work for most employers across various occupations in Canada.
The BOWP is typically valid for up to two years and can be extended at the discretion of an immigration officer if the PR process takes longer than expected.
What are the Benefits of Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP)?
The BOWP offers many benefits for the individual, including it:
Allows holders to keep working legally while their permanent residency application is being processed, preventing job loss.
Holders can work for any employer across Canada, which allows them to explore different job opportunities without being tied to a specific employer.
BOWPs do not require a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA), simplifying the employment process.
Assures that individuals will not lose their legal status or ability to work while waiting for PR approval.
Enables holders to gain additional work experience in Canada, benefitting their PR application.
Eligible family members of the primary applicant can also apply for a BOWP, allowing them to work in Canada.
Are You Eligible for a Bridging Open Work Permit?
Now that we detailed the BOWP as an essential option for foreign nationals transitioning to permanent residency in Canada, let’s explore its eligibility criteria.
Eligibility Criteria for BOWP
You must be living in Canada as a temporary resident.
Must have applied for permanent residence as the primary applicant.
Must have received an Acknowledgment of Receipt (AOR) letter confirming that the PR application is being processed.
You must meet one of the below conditions:
Hold a valid work permit.
Have an expired work permit and are maintaining status after applying for renewal.
Be eligible to restore temporary resident status with work authorization.
You must have completed one of the following:
Passed a completeness check (for Express Entry or Quebec Skilled Worker Program applicants)
Received a positive eligibility assessment (for other BOWP-eligible programs)
You must have applied under any of these programs:
Home Child-Care Provider Pilot or Home Support Worker Pilot
Caring for Children Class or Caring for People with High Medical Needs Class (if applied before June 18, 2019)
Things to Remember
You can keep working under maintained status if you apply for a BOWP before your current work permit expires.
If your work permit expires while travelling outside Canada, you cannot work until the BOWP is approved.
What are the Employment Location Conditions for BOWPs?
Bridging Open Work Permits (BOWPs) usually allow you to work for any employer in Canada and change jobs easily. However, there are two key conditions:
For Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) Applicants:
You can only work in the province or territory that nominated you for permanent residency.
For Quebec Skilled Worker (QSW) Applicants
You must work in Quebec, the location you selected for your application.
How to Apply for a Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP)?
Check Eligibility: Ensure you meet all the requirements for a BOWP.
Use IRCC Portal: Log in to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s (IRCC) online portal.
Select Permit Type: Choose “Open Work Permit” as the type of permit you are applying for.
Fill Out Forms: Complete the required application forms accurately.
Upload Documents: Provide all necessary documents on the checklist (specific to your immigration pathway).
Pay Fees: Pay the processing fee (CAD 155) and open work permit holder fee (CAD 100).
Submit Application: Submit your application online through the IRCC portal
How should you proceed after Receiving a BOWP?
Once you receive a BOWP,
Begin or continue working for any employer in Canada.
Keep your BOWP and related documents accessible for proof of work authorization.
Monitor the status of your permanent residence application through your IRCC account.
Ensure you maintain eligibility and comply with Canadian work regulations.
Plan for BOWP expiration and apply for an extension if needed.
Prepare necessary travel documents if you travel outside Canada, as the BOWP is not a re-entry document.
What to Do If Your Work Permit Expires Before Applying for a BOWP?
Suppose your work permit expires, you haven’t applied for a Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP), and you are not eligible to restore your status. In that case, it’s essential to act quickly and plan your next steps carefully to maintain your status in Canada!
You have three options:
Switch to Visitor Status: You can apply for a visitor record to stay in Canada legally, but you have to stop working. It’s a good way to keep your temporary resident status while waiting for your PR decision.
Exit Canada: If staying isn’t an option, you can leave Canada and head home (or anywhere else). Then, wait for the outcome of your permanent residence application.
Pursue a New Work Permit: If you can find an employer willing to go through the Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) process, you can apply for a new work permit under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP). Just remember—you can’t work until you’ve got legal authorization again.
Are Family Members Eligible for an Open Work Permit in Canada?
Family members of work permit holders in Canada may be eligible for an Open Work Permit (OWP), allowing them to work while living in the country. There are specific requirements for both the principal applicant and their family members to qualify.
Requirements for Principal Applicant
You must be living and working in Canada or plan to do so.
You must have a valid work permit or be approved for one.
The work permit must be valid for at least six months after receiving the family member’s OWP application.
The work permit should have been issued or approved after applying for an economic class permanent residency pathway.
If applying as a Quebec Skilled Worker (QSW), you must hold a Certificat de sélection du Québec.
You must be employed in high-skilled occupations (NOC TEER 0 or 1) or select high-skilled occupations in NOC TEER 2 or 3.
To be eligible, family members must meet specific requirements that ensure they are in a genuine relationship with the principal applicant and that the principal applicant holds a valid work permit. Here’s the key requirements for family members looking to obtain an OWP.
Family members:
Must meet the general requirements for a work permit.
Must be in a genuine relationship with the principal applicant and can be:
The spouse or common-law partner.
A dependent child of the principal applicant or their spouse/partner.
A dependent child of the dependent child (grandchild)
If in Canada, the family member must have:
A valid temporary resident status.
Applied for maintained status before expiration.
Eligibility to restore status as a visitor, worker, or student.
Dependent children can apply for an Open Work Permit (OWP) in Canada, but there are a few rules to keep in mind. They must be under 22 and can’t be the principal applicant. Plus, they must meet the minimum age requirements to work in their province or territory.
They must also have valid temporary resident status or be able to restore it. Their parents must hold a valid work permit and meet the necessary job requirements.
With a duration of up to two years and the possibility of extension, the BOWP offers flexibility and job security. It enables holders to work for various employers across most occupations. For those eligible, applying for a BOWP can be a significant step toward building a stable future in Canada.
